The World Health Organization publishes a set of comprehensive guidelines to the prevention of HIV and AIDS; the most recent version was published in 2010. I’ve tried to distill down the 174-page document here. It’s especially interesting to see how treatment and prevention come together as research has demonstrated that ARV treatment reduces the risk of transmission.
Know your HIV status
· Client-initiated HIV testing and counseling
· Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling
· Blood donor HIV testing and counseling
· Laboratory support
Prevent sexual transmission of HIV
· Promote condom use
· Detect and manage STIs
· Risk reduction counseling
· Male circumcision
· Prevention among those living with HIV: ARV treatment
· At-risk populations: interventions targeting sex workers, MSM & transgendered, adolescents
· Vulnerable populations: interventions targeting displaced, mobile, and migrant populations; prisoners
· Post-exposure prophylaxis
Prevention in intravenous drug users (IDUs)
· Needle exchange programs
· Drug treatment
· Information, education, and communication
Prevention in childbearing women, infants, children
· Family planning, counseling, contraception
· ARV treatment in pregnancy to prevent infection in infants
· Education and support for women living with HIV and their children and families
Treatment scale-up
· Intervene to prevent illness
o Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (vs. PCP and toxoplasmosis)
o Prevent fungal infections
o Vaccinations
o Nutritional care and support
o Safe water, sanitation, and hygiene
o Prevent malaria
Treatment proper
· ARV for adults, adolescents, and children; support monitoring and adherence
· Manage opportunistic infections and conditions
· Palliative care
· TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
Strengthen health systems to optimize priority interventions
· Increase service delivery
· Strengthen health workforce
· Support development and dissemination of medical products and technologies
· Improve financing, leadership, and governance
Invest in strategic information
· Strengthen health informatics
· Improve surveillance of HIV and STIs
· Monitor and evaluate the health sector response
· Research
· Analyze and implement evidence-based improvements
Reference:
World Health Organization (2010). Priority interventions: HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care in the health sector. Retrieved November 2011 from: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/9789241500234/en/index.html
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